Revenue and expenditure
The two series converge over the decade, with a visible break in 2020. Hover the chart to read each year.
General government revenue and expenditure
Budget balance
The difference between the two series above. Bars below the zero line are deficits; above it, surpluses.
Budget balance
Reading
Convergence
The gap between revenue and expenditure narrows from 4.4 to 0.3 percentage points between the first and last year.
2020 shock
Expenditure rises 6.7 points in a single year and the balance hits the series low.
Surpluses
From 2023 the balance stays positive for three consecutive years.
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